People undergo many idiosyncratic experiences throughout their lives that may contribute to individual differences in the size and structure of their knowledge representations. Ultimately, these can have important implications for individuals' cognitive performance. We review evidence that suggests a relationship between individual experiences, the size and structure of semantic representations, as well as individual and age differences in cognitive performance. We conclude that the extent to which experience-dependent changes in semantic representations contribute to individual differences in cognitive aging remains unclear. (...) To help fill this gap, we outline an empirical agenda that utilizes network analysis and involves the concurrent assessment of large-scale semantic networks and cognitive performance in younger and older adults. We present preliminary data to establish the feasibility and limitations of such empirical, network-analytical approaches. (shrink)

Internet of Things, Internet of Everything and Internet of People are concepts suggesting that objects, devices, and people will be increasingly interconnected through digital infrastructure that will generate a growing gathering of data. Parallel to this development is the celebration of the smart city and sharing city as urban policy visions that by relying heavily on new technologies bear the promise of efficient and thriving cities. Law and policy scholarship have either focused on questions related to privacy, discrimination, security, or (...) issues related to the production and use of big data, digital public services. Little or no attention has been paid to the disruptive impact of technological development on urban governance and city inhabitants’ rights of equal access, participation, management and even ownership, in order to understand whether and how technology can also enhance the protection of human rights and social justice in the city. This Article proposes complementing the technological and digital infrastructure with a legal and governance infrastructure, the Internet of Humans, by construing and injecting in the policy framework of the city the principle of Tech Justice. Building on a literature review and from an analysis of selected case studies, this Article stresses the dichotomy existing between the market-based and the society-based applications of technology, the first likely to increase the digital divide and the challenges to human rights in the city, the latter bearing the promise to promote equal access to technology in the city. The main argument advanced by this Article is that the principle of Tech Justice if embedded as an empirical dimension of smart city and sharing city policies can steer their developments in the direction of a more just and democratic city. (shrink)

Progressive supranuclear palsy is a movement disorder with prominent tau neuropathology. Brain diseases with abnormal tau deposits are called tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease. Environmental causes of tauopathies include repetitive head trauma associated with some sports. To identify common genetic variation contributing to risk for tauopathies, we carried out a genome-wide association study of 1,114 individuals with PSP and 3,247 controls followed by a second stage in which we genotyped 1,051 cases and 3,560 controls for the (...) stage 1 SNPs that yielded P ≤ 10-3. We found significant previously unidentified signals associated with PSP risk at STX6, EIF2AK3 and MOBP. We confirmed two independent variants in MAPT affecting risk for PSP, one of which influences MAPT brain expression. The genes implicated encode proteins for vesicle-membrane fusion at the Golgi-endosomal interface, for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and for a myelin structural component. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)

Esta traducción al español corresponde a la intervención oral del Profesor Enrico Berti en el Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici el 13 junio de 2017. Berti es profesor emérito de la Universidad de Padua, con ocasión de la publicación de su traducción de la Metafísica de Aristóteles en el 2017, en el encuentro de estudio La metafísica de Aristóteles, en el Instituto de Estudios Filosóficos de Nápoles. Considero que al hacerlo se contribuye a la divulgación de esta (...) nueva traducción entre la comunidad hispanohablante. (shrink)

Ce recueil comprend une vingtaine de mes articles, pour la plupart deja publie par ailleurs. Plusieurs d'entre eux ont paru en francais, la langue que je prefere pour la communication internationale; mais il n'y a pas tout ce que j' ai ecrit ou publie dans cette langue: je n'ai retenu que les etudes concernant la dialectique, la physique et la metaphysique d'Aristote, et parmi celles-ci seulement celles qui me paraissent les plus significatives. J'y ai ajoute cinq traductions d'articles publies en (...) italien ou en anglais et qui me semblaient constituer un complement utile aux theses developpees dans les autres. Le but de cette publication est avant tout de mettre a la disposition d'un public plus large les resultats de mes etudes sur ces differents themes, en lui permettant d'en avoir une vision pour ainsi dire synoptique - au risque de comporter des repetitions, dont je tiens a m'excuser ici. Comme il s'agit d'ecrits s'etendant sur une trentaine d'annees - le plus ancien remonte a 1979, mais il avait ete presente au Symposium Aristotelicum de 1972 -, il est inevitable que, sur plusieurs points, il y ait eu des changements d'opinion. Mais ceux-ci ne sont pas vraiment significatifs et il s'agit dans la plupart des cas de nuances, de differences d'accent ou encore de mises au point. Si j'ai choisi d'inclure ainsi des opinions que je ne soutiens plus de la meme maniere aujourd'hui, c'est dans une intention dialectique, au sens aristotelicien du terme, c'est-a-dire pour fournir tous les arguments en faveur d'une these aussi bien que tous ceux qui lui sont opposes, de maniere a developper les apories dans les deux directions, ce qui, pour Aristote, constitue la meilleure maniere de distinguer le vrai du faux. (shrink)

G. Deledalle is the author of a Histoire de la philosophie américaine, and of some excellent studies on Dewey, such as La pédagogie de Dewey, philosophie de la continuité, and "Durkheim et Dewey". These are all works that deserve full attention by students of the Golden Age of American philosophy. For a European, Deledalle has an unusual capacity to detect the vitality and freshness, but also the depth, of the growth of higher education in the U.S. in the first half (...) of this century. At the heart of this growth were philosophical ideas, and in particular those of Dewey. Philosophy did not have then dictatorial or competitive designs regarding education, the social and political sciences, psychology, or the natural sciences. It freely mingled with them, not just imparting methodological or epistemological rigor but also contributing some insights and giving the hypotheses and conclusions in these fields the character of "experiences." Experience is the guiding theme of this rich and complicated work, covering a multitude of subjects and positions. The treatment is divided into six parts dealing respectively with Dewey's leanings toward unitary experience, organic experience, dynamic experience, functional experience, instrumental experience, and transactional experience. In the study of the intellectual of Dewey's life practically all of his production is critically examined by Deledalle: a monumental task in itself, made possible by the critical bibliography of Milton Hasley Thomas. There is enough early biographical detail to make this work an effective and affectionate intellectual portrait. The best pages of this work are devoted to a thorough explication and comparative study of Dewey's final synthesis of experience. There are very helpful comparative references to Marx, Freud, Bergson, and Heidegger, and also indispensable parallels and contrasts with Peirce, James, and Whitehead. This is not a modest contribution from a regional point of view: Deledalle is, perhaps more than anybody else, aware of an ongoing international dialogue on Dewey, a dialogue that is preserving experience as a problem-complex at the front line of contemporary reflection.--A. de L. M. (shrink)

El presente artículo indaga algunas implicaciones ontológicas y políticas del fenómeno de reproducción técnica tal como se presenta a inicios del siglo XX. Hay cierto consenso básico en filosofía de la técnica sobre la idea de que las innovaciones sociales y políticas no pueden comprenderse independientemente de la emergencia y utilización de ciertos medios técnicos. Nuestro interés en este trabajo reside en explorar críticamente una faceta habitualmente subestimada en este tipo de indagación sobre la técnica: cómo las propiedades inherentemente técnicas (...) atadas a ciertos nuevos sistemas técnicos favorecen fácticamente a algunos fines y, por tanto, tienden hacia una serie de utilizaciones en desmedro de otras. Con este objetivo en mente, el presente trabajo reconstruye la posición de Walter Benjamin sobre el problema de la copia reproductible y lo pone en diálogo con las críticas recientes de Hennion y Latour. (shrink)

El hombre crea su moral tomando en cuenta las aportaciones más íntimas de su espíritu. Así como la historia de la humanidad presenta una serie gradual y emocional de conquistas espirituales, así también la moral se ha logrado a través de la historia, pero siempre sobre el fundamento de la esencia humana, pues no cabe duda de que la jerarquía de los valores depende de cada ser humano. Ella orienta toda su conducta y señala sus grandes metas. El espíritu religioso (...) coloca, en primer término, a los valores de la religión, el moralista a los éticos, el pragmático a los útiles; el estético a las bellas artes, dando preferencia cada una a su valor favorito. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende dialogar com as experiências de aprendizagens em diferentes cotidianos escolares da rede municipal de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. Com a perspectiva de potencializar a corporeidade, me aproximo de Deleuze e Guattari ao não definirem o corpo como somatório de partes e sim, como composições de afectos, problematizando os conceitos dualistas que separam o eu e o mundo, o eu e os outros, o eu e o corpo. Manifesto, portanto, o desejo por uma filosofia que assuma o (...) conhecimento como inscrição corporal. Enfim, incluo-me na caminhada ética e estética em favor da corporeidade contextualizada e múltipla. This article intends to dialogue with different learning experiences in school everyday from public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro. With the prospect of enhancing the corporeity, I approach Deleuze and Guattari when do not define the body as the sum of parts but, as compositions of affection,questioning the dualistic concepts that separate self and world, self and others, self and body. Manifest, therefore, the desire for a philosophy that assumes knowledge as inscription body. Finally, include myself in the walked ethics and esthetics in favor of corporeity contextualized and multiple. (shrink)

Ingolf U. Dalferth studies the complexity of this procedure in three thought processes which deal with the central concepts in the Christian understanding of malum as privation (a lack of good), as evil-doing and as a lack of faith.

Résumé L’État indien a fait preuve depuis l’indépendance d’une politique volontariste en matière légale qui, à l’écoute des conventions internationales et des organisations des droits de l’homme, l’a conduit à promulguer une série de lois visant à criminaliser et à déraciner certaines relations d’exploitation, de harassement ou de discrimination centrées sur la caste, le genre ou la religion. Si cette politique volontariste contribue à la diffusion d’une culture légale et d’un activisme juridique jusqu’au sein des catégories vulnérables ou défavorisées de (...) la population, elle n’empêche pas les rapports de dominance et d’exploitation de se maintenir au niveau local. À partir de l’ethnographie d’un procès concernant le viol d’une fillette de basse caste en Himachal Pradesh (Inde du Nord) il s’agira de montrer comment ces relations de pouvoir traditionnelles et les nouveaux rapports de force produits par les lois qui s’opposent à ces mêmes relations, se manifestent au niveau judiciaire, et parviennent à interférer avec les procédures criminelles suivies par le tribunal. (shrink)

Résumé L’État indien a fait preuve depuis l’indépendance d’une politique volontariste en matière légale qui, à l’écoute des conventions internationales et des organisations des droits de l’homme, l’a conduit à promulguer une série de lois visant à criminaliser et à déraciner certaines relations d’exploitation, de harassement ou de discrimination centrées sur la caste, le genre ou la religion. Si cette politique volontariste contribue à la diffusion d’une culture légale et d’un activisme juridique jusqu’au sein des catégories vulnérables ou défavorisées de (...) la population, elle n’empêche pas les rapports de dominance et d’exploitation de se maintenir au niveau local. À partir de l’ethnographie d’un procès concernant le viol d’une fillette de basse caste en Himachal Pradesh (Inde du Nord) il s’agira de montrer comment ces relations de pouvoir traditionnelles et les nouveaux rapports de force produits par les lois qui s’opposent à ces mêmes relations, se manifestent au niveau judiciaire, et parviennent à interférer avec les procédures criminelles suivies par le tribunal. (shrink)

In this paper, I present a translation and analysis of Metaphysics α 1, 993 b 23-31 to subsequently show how Alexander of Aphrodisias’s interpretation of said passage led medieval philosophers to attribute a doctrine of creation to Aristotle. For Alexander, those things that are most true and those beings that are in the highest degree, about which Aristotle speaks in Met. α 1, a passage that originally addressed the relationship between the premises and conclusions of demonstrations, are the unmoved movers, (...) which have a relationship of imitation or participation with the things that depend on them. In Averroes, who favors the Neoplatonic notion of perfection, the causality of the unmoved mover becomes an efficient causality in its fullest sense: an explanation not only of the movement of the heavens, but of their being and that of all things. Thus, he implicitly presents Aristotle as a monotheistic and creationist philosopher. Thomas Aquinas, using the notions of “being by essence” and “being by participation” and deriving a notion of “always being” from that of “always being true”, also transforms the unmoved mover into a true creator and explicitly points out the reasons for his interpretation in the text of Aristotle. (shrink)

The so-called parahypotaxis is a syntactical phenomenon, common in late Latin but attested sporadically already in classical Latin, consisting in the pleonastic use of a copulative conjunction (et or atque) at the beginning of the principal clause after a subordinate, especially temporal clause. In this paper I propose to recognize a case of parahypotaxis in a difficult passage of Lucretius’ De rerum natura (6, 577-584), differently explained by former interpreters. As an appendix, I discuss a passage of Vergil’s Aeneid (9, (...) 47-53), where the same phenomenon can be identified. (shrink)

Translating in his Arati Phaenomena the Aratean myth of Orion and the scorpion, Germanicus introduces a series of allusions to the parallel episode in the proem of Nicander’s Theriaka, which was modelled in turn on the passage of Aratus’ Phaenomena. In so doing, Germanicus emphasizes the intertextual connection between the two hellenistic poems, and incorporates both of them in his Aratean translation. At the same time, some of these Nicandrean borrowings are reformulated through the use of Virgilian vocabulary. The Orion (...) episode can therefore be seen as a sample of Germanicus’ poetical technique and allusive art, highlighting the various components of his refined literary culture. (shrink)

Résumé Le mouvement dit « M15 », parce que né le 15 Mai 2011, continue de se réunir régulièrement en Espagne pour contester la politique d’austérité du gouvernement et essayer de créer de nouvelles formes de vie. Ses origines sont multiples mais il s’enracine dans une opposition frontale, toujours active et de plus en plus nombreuse. Il s’emploie à créer des formes de coopération nouvelles.

En la filosofía griega se delinean dos concepciones opuestas de la relación entre metafísica y libertad: una según la cual el universo ha tenido origen gracias a un principio inteligente a través de un acto de voluntad, el cual implica la libertad del principio metafísico, es decir, la libertad divina, y otra según la cual el universo procede necesariamente de un principio impersonal, la cual por tanto excluye la libertad divina.

After a short summary of the interpretation of Thomas Aquinas’ conception of being given by E. Gilson, according which the actus essendi is existence, the article sets out the criticisms addressed to this conception by P.T. Geach and A. Kenny, showing that they converge with the criticism developed by the author himself in an article of 1979 on Aristotle. In the author’s view, the best reply to this criticism given by the Thomists is the reply of S.L. Brocks, who has (...) shown that the actus essendi is the perfect way of being which belongs only to God. The author shows that this conception is confirmed by some passages of Thomas’ De ente et essentia. (shrink)

Catalog of the collection of the Madamkhand Museum of Art, named after the wife of Batzhargalyn Batbai︠a︡r, businessman and member of the Mongolian Khural.

Brazilian and US American children were compared for differences in tolerance and punishment expectancy. We hypothesized that participants would be less tolerant and more punishing of moral than conventional violations; tolerance and punishment expectancy would relate with age; Brazilians would tolerate less and expect more punishment than US Americans; and social domain would moderate effects of age and nationality. The sample had 129 matched children from Brazil and the USA. Moral/conventional-violation vignettes were used. Mixed-model GLMs suggested that children were less (...) tolerant and more punishing of moral than social-conventional violations. Age effects were significant for tolerance. Brazilians scored lower on tolerance and higher on punishment expectancy than US Americans; they also differentiated less between violation domains than US Americans. These and other results suggest that Brazilians tolerate less but expect more punishment for violations than US Americans. Discussion is based on cultural and socio-historical differences between the two nations. (shrink)

[ES] El así llamado «regreso de la filosofía práctica», empezado en 1960 por H. G. Gadamer con su Wahrheit und Methode, ha provocado a menudo confusión entre la auténtica filosofía práctica de Aristóteles y la virtud que él llama phronêsis o sabiduría. En efecto, éstas representan dos formas de conocimiento muy diferentes. La sabiduría es la virtud de la razón práctica que consiste en la habilidad de deliberar correctamente, es decir en la habilidad de identificar la acción más adecuada para (...) realizar un buen fin. Al revés, la filosofía práctica es una ciencia, o sea un hábito de razón teórica, a pesar de ser una ciencia práctica, que tiene su fin en la buena acción y tiene un nivel de rigor inferior a aquello de las ciencias teóricas. La filosofía práctica es la ciencia del supremo bien para el hombre, es decir la felicidad —el pleno florecimiento de todas las capacidades humanas—, la cual se determina por medio de la discusión dialéctica con las tesis de varios filósofos. [EN] The so called «revival of practical philosophy», started in 1960 by H.G. Gadamer with his Wahrheit und Methode, has often provoked a confusion between the authentic practical philosophy of Aristotle and the virtue he calls phronêsis or wisdom. Actually, they represent two forms of knowledge very different. Wisdom is the virtue of practical reason which consists in the ability of correctly deliberate, that is in the ability of individuating the action more suitable for realizing a good end. On the contrary, practical philosophy is a science, that is an habit of theoretical reason, even if it is a practical science, which has its end in the good action and has a degree of rigour inferior to that of theoretical sciences. Practical philosophy is the science of the supreme good for man, that is happiness —the full flourishing of all human capabilities —, which is determined by means of a dialectical discussion with the thesis of the various philosophers. (shrink)

A literatura crítica sobre Aristóteles ainda discute se a forma é universal ou individual. A doutrina do livro Lambda da Metafísica afirma que as causas dos indivíduos são individuais, mas é no De generatione animalium que essa doutrina é justificada: o sêmen paterno transmite ao mênstruo uma série de movimentos que determinam a alma do feto e o seu desenvolvimento corporal. Portanto, o pai é causa motora do filho e produz sua alma, que pode ser individual.

'the oldest biography of Spinoza', La Vie de Mr. Spinosa, which in the manuscript copies is often followed by L'Esprit de M. Spinosa. Margaret Jacob, in her Radical Enlightenment, contended that the Traite was written by a radical group of Freemasons in The Hague in the early eighteenth century. Silvia Berti has offered evidence it was written by Jan Vroesen. Various discussions in the early eighteenth century consider many possi ble authors from the Renaissance onwards to whom the work (...) might be attributed. The Trois imposteurs has attracted quite a bit of recent attention as one of the most significant irreligious clandestine writings available in the Enlightenment, which is most important for understanding the develop ment of religious scepticism, radical deism, and even atheism in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Scholars for the last couple of decades have been trying to assess when the work was actually written or compiled and by whom. In view of the widespread distribution of manu scripts of the work all over Europe, they have also been seeking to find out who was influenced by the work, and what it represented for its time. Hitherto unknown manuscripts are being turned up in public and private libraries all over Europe and the United States. (shrink)

In his recent edition, with translation and commentary, of Aristotle, Eth. Nic. VI, Hans-Georg Gadamer reproposes his interpretation of Aristotle's practical philosophy as a model for his own hermeneutics, confirming in this way his tendency to identify practical philosophy with the intellectual virtue of phronesis. Furthermore, although he recognizes the primacy attributed by Aristotle to the theoretical life, Gadamer tends to undervalue it and to consider phronesis and sophia at the same level. In particular he believes that the theoretical life (...) was for Aristotle an ideal accessible only to the gods. Unlike Heidegger, who refuses Aristotle's position because of the primacy of theoretical life, but appropriates his practical philosophy, Gadamer thinks that today is still possible to follow Aristotle, but only if we reduce that primacy. The article shows how, according to Gadamer, what Aristotle says about theoretical life, if rightly understood, can still be accepted. /// Na sua edição recente, com tradução e comentário ao Livro VI da Ética a Nicómaco de Aristóteles, Hans-Georg Gadamer reaflrma a sua interpretação dafllosofia prática de Aristóteles como modelo para a sua hermenêutica, confirmando deste modo a sua tendência a identificar a filosofia pratica de Aristóteles com a virtude dianoética da phronesis. Além disso, e apesar de reconhecer o primado atribuido por Aristóteles à vida teorética, Gadamer tende a desvalorizá-lo e a considerar a phronesis e a sophia como estando no mesmo piano. Gadamer parece especialmente convencido de que a vida teoretica para Aristóteles constitui um ideal apenas acessivel aos deuses. Ao contrário de Heidegger, que refuta a posição de Aristóteles por causa do primado atribuido à vida teorética, mas se apropria da sua filosqfia prática, Gadamer pensa ser ainda possivel seguir Aristóteles, para o efeito apenas se exigindo uma redimensionação desse primado. Enfim, o artigo demonstra como, segundo Gadamer, aquilo que Aristoteles diz acerca da vida teorética pode, se correctamente entendido, ser aceite ainda hoje. (shrink)

The knowledge of an object under observation will have no concrete meaning unless we can work out a logical model the similarities of which are known in relation to the analysed structures. The logical model, when dealing with complex structures, is drawn out by similarity starting from an analogical model worked out in relating local dimensions in the object to physical dimensions of a different nature which restrict the number of variables and can be arranged and modified as required.Any operating (...) similarity and behaviour comparisons come actually down to an apparent functional analogy. The difference between the thin structure of the natural and artificial systems makes it illusive to hope that a strict isomorphism between these two fields may thus be sorted out. However, the fact of achieving analogical models widens our knowledge and shows new possibilities to the human creative mind. (shrink)

Cet article étudie la doctrine aristotélicienne du moteur immobile, cause de tout mouvement et de tout savoir, cause efficiente et cause finale, que l'A. assimile à Dieu.